Chapter XII: Penalties

What this part of the EU AI Act covers

Chapter XII sets the consequences of non-compliance. It establishes the three penalty tiers applicable to operators, provides separately for fines on Union institutions, bodies and agencies, and governs fines on providers of general-purpose AI models.

It binds Member States to lay down the penalties and authorities to apply them, with separate regimes for Union institutions and for general-purpose AI model providers. Since the Digital Omnibus the AI Office can also impose periodic penalty payments that accrue daily, which on a long-running breach can exceed the headline maximum.